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Example code of superinstance/flux-vm

Informations about the package flux-vm

FLUX ISA v3.0 Virtual Machine

A pure PHP implementation of the FLUX (Fleet Language for Unified eXecution) ISA v3.0 virtual machine. Register-based bytecode VM designed for multi-agent fleet coordination.

Installation

Or clone and use directly:

Architecture Overview

Register Model

FLUX provides three separate register files plus system registers:

General Purpose Registers (GPR) — 16 registers, 32-bit signed integers:

Register Alias Purpose
R0–R7 — General-purpose, caller-saved
R8 RV Return value
R9 A0 First function argument
R10 A1 Second function argument
R11 SP Stack pointer (descends)
R12 FP Frame pointer
R13 FL Flags register
R14 TP Temporary / reserved
R15 LR Link register (CALL stores return address)

Floating Point Registers (FPR) — 16 registers, 32-bit IEEE 754:

Register Alias Purpose
F0–F7 — General-purpose, caller-saved
F8 FV Return value (float)
F9 FA0 First float argument
F10 FA1 Second float argument
F11–F15 — General-purpose

Vector Registers — 16 registers, 256 bytes each (SIMD-style).

Memory Model

Flags Register (FL / R13)

Bit Name Description
Z Zero Result is zero
S Sign Result is negative
C Carry Unsigned overflow
V Overflow Signed overflow

Instruction Formats

Format A — Nullary (1 byte)

Opcodes: Halt, Nop, Ret, Panic, Unreachable, Yield

Format B — Two Registers (3 bytes)

Opcodes: Push, Pop, Dup, Swap, IMov, FMov

Format C — Three Registers (4 bytes)

Opcodes: All arithmetic, comparisons, conversions, bitwise, vector operations.

Format D — Register + 16-bit Immediate (4 bytes)

Opcodes: IInc, IDec, StackAlloc

Format E — Two Registers + 16-bit Offset (5 bytes)

Opcodes: Load8, Load16, Load32, Load64, Store8, Store16, Store32, Store64, LoadAddr, VLoad, VStore

Format G — Variable-Length (2+N bytes)

Opcodes: Jump, JumpIf, JumpIfNot, Call, CallIndirect, A2A operations.

Opcode Coverage Table

Control Flow (0x00–0x0F)

Hex Name Format Description
0x00 Halt A Stop execution
0x01 Nop A No operation
0x02 Ret A Return from function
0x03 Jump G Unconditional branch
0x04 JumpIf G Branch if register != 0
0x05 JumpIfNot G Branch if register == 0
0x06 Call G Call function by index
0x07 CallIndirect G Call function by address
0x08 Yield A Pause execution
0x09 Panic A Abort with error
0x0A Unreachable A Trap (should not execute)

Stack Operations (0x10–0x1F)

Hex Name Format Description
0x10 Push B Push GP[Rs] to stack
0x11 Pop B Pop stack to GP[Rd]
0x12 Dup B Copy register
0x13 Swap B Swap two registers

Integer Arithmetic (0x20–0x3F)

Hex Name Format Description
0x20 IMov B Copy GP register
0x21 IAdd C Rd = Ra + Rb
0x22 ISub C Rd = Ra - Rb
0x23 IMul C Rd = Ra * Rb
0x24 IDiv C Rd = Ra / Rb
0x25 IMod C Rd = Ra % Rb
0x26 INeg C Rd = -Ra
0x27 IAbs C Rd = abs(Ra)
0x28 IInc D Rd += immediate
0x29 IDec D Rd -= immediate
0x2A IMin C Rd = min(Ra, Rb)
0x2B IMax C Rd = max(Ra, Rb)
0x2C IAnd C Rd = Ra & Rb
0x2D IOr C Rd = Ra | Rb
0x2E IXor C Rd = Ra ^ Rb
0x2F IShl C Rd = Ra << Rb
0x30 IShr C Rd = Ra >> Rb
0x31 INot C Rd = ~Ra
0x32 ICmpEq C Rd = (Ra == Rb)
0x33 ICmpNe C Rd = (Ra != Rb)
0x34 ICmpLt C Rd = (Ra < Rb)
0x35 ICmpLe C Rd = (Ra <= Rb)
0x36 ICmpGt C Rd = (Ra > Rb)
0x37 ICmpGe C Rd = (Ra >= Rb)

Float Arithmetic (0x40–0x5F)

Hex Name Format Description
0x40 FMov B Copy FP register
0x41 FAdd C Rd = Ra + Rb
0x42 FSub C Rd = Ra - Rb
0x43 FMul C Rd = Ra * Rb
0x44 FDiv C Rd = Ra / Rb
0x45 FMod C Rd = fmod(Ra, Rb)
0x46 FNeg C Rd = -Ra
0x47 FAbs C Rd = abs(Ra)
0x48 FSqrt C Rd = sqrt(Ra)
0x49 FFloor C Rd = floor(Ra)
0x4A FCeil C Rd = ceil(Ra)
0x4B FRound C Rd = round(Ra)
0x4C FMin C Rd = min(Ra, Rb)
0x4D FMax C Rd = max(Ra, Rb)
0x4E FSin C Rd = sin(Ra)
0x4F FCos C Rd = cos(Ra)
0x50 FExp C Rd = exp(Ra)
0x51 FLog C Rd = log(Ra)
0x52 FClamp C Rd = clamp(Ra, Rb)
0x53 FLerp C Rd = lerp(Ra, Rb)
0x54 FCmpEq C Rd = (Ra == Rb)
0x55 FCmpNe C Rd = (Ra != Rb)
0x56 FCmpLt C Rd = (Ra < Rb)
0x57 FCmpLe C Rd = (Ra <= Rb)
0x58 FCmpGt C Rd = (Ra > Rb)
0x59 FCmpGe C Rd = (Ra >= Rb)

Conversions (0x60–0x6F)

Hex Name Format Description
0x60 IToF C FP[Rd] = (float)GP[Ra]
0x61 FToI C GP[Rd] = (int)FP[Ra]
0x62 BToI C GP[Rd] = (Ra != 0)
0x63 IToB C GP[Rd] = (Ra != 0)

Memory Operations (0x70–0x7F)

Hex Name Format Description
0x70 Load8 E GP[Rd] = mem[Rb+off] (u8)
0x71 Load16 E GP[Rd] = mem[Rb+off] (u16)
0x72 Load32 E GP[Rd] = mem[Rb+off] (u32)
0x73 Load64 E GP[Rd] = mem[Rb+off] (u64)
0x74 Store8 E mem[Rb+off] = GP[Rs]
0x75 Store16 E mem[Rb+off] = GP[Rs]
0x76 Store32 E mem[Rb+off] = GP[Rs]
0x77 Store64 E mem[Rb+off] = GP[Rs]
0x78 LoadAddr E GP[Rd] = Rb + off
0x79 StackAlloc D Allocate stack frame

Agent-to-Agent Communication (0x80–0x8F)

Hex Name Format Description
0x80 ASend G Send message (non-blocking)
0x81 ARecv G Receive message (blocking)
0x82 AAsk G Send request, wait response
0x83 ATell G Fire-and-forget message
0x84 ADelegate G Delegate bytecode execution
0x85 ABroadcast G Broadcast to all agents
0x86 ASubscribe G Subscribe to channel
0x87 AWait G Block until condition
0x88 ATrust G Establish trust
0x89 AVerify G Verify trust level

Type/Meta Operations (0x90–0x9F)

Hex Name Format Description
0x90 Cast C Type-cast value
0x91 SizeOf C Size of type
0x92 TypeOf C Runtime type tag

Bitwise Operations (0xA0–0xAF)

Hex Name Format Description
0xA0 BAnd C Rd = Ra & Rb
0xA1 BOr C Rd = Ra | Rb
0xA2 BXor C Rd = Ra ^ Rb
0xA3 BShl C Rd = Ra << Rb
0xA4 BShr C Rd = Ra >> Rb
0xA5 BNot C Rd = ~Ra

Vector/SIMD Operations (0xB0–0xBF)

Hex Name Format Description
0xB0 VLoad E Load vector from memory
0xB1 VStore E Store vector to memory
0xB2 VAdd C Component-wise addition
0xB3 VMul C Component-wise multiply
0xB4 VDot C Dot product (scalar result)

Usage Examples

CLI

Programmatic Usage

REPL

Sample Program: Factorial

FLUX assembly to compute factorial(7):

Assembly Listing

Bytecode (hex)

Expected Output

Running this program produces 5040 in R1 (7! = 5040).

Bytecode File Format

FLUX bytecode files have a simple header:

Error Handling

The VM throws FluxVMException on errors:

Code Constant Description
0x01 UNKNOWN_OPCODE Unknown opcode encountered
0x02 INVALID_FORMAT Invalid instruction format
0x03 DIVISION_BY_ZERO Division by zero
0x04 STACK_OVERFLOW Stack overflow
0x05 STACK_UNDERFLOW Stack underflow
0x06 MEMORY_FAULT Invalid memory access
0x07 PANIC Panic instruction executed
0x08 INVALID_REGISTER Invalid register number
0x09 INVALID_IMMEDIATE Invalid immediate value
0x0A INVALID_BYTECODE Invalid bytecode file
0x0B CYCLE_BUDGET_EXCEEDED Execution budget exceeded

Requirements

License

MIT

All versions of flux-vm with dependencies

PHP Build Version
Package Version
Requires php Version >=8.0
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