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Values objects with based in data types

This library was developed mainly to API systems. But, it may be applied to any systems.

What is Value Object?

A value object is a small object that represents a simple entity whose equality is not based on identity: i.e. two value objects are equal when they have the same value, not necessarily being the same object. Examples of value objects are objects representing an amount of money or a date range. See more.

Installation

Composer

1. At you console, in your project folder, type composer require piggly/php-value-types;
2. Don't forget to add Composer's autoload file at your code base require_once('vendor/autoload.php);.

Manual install

1. Download or clone with repository with git clone https://github.com/piggly-dev/php-value-types.git;
2. After, goes to cd /path/to/piggly/php-value-types;
3. Install all Composer's dependencies with composer install;
4. Add project's autoload file at your code base require_once('/path/to/piggly/php-value-types/vendor/autoload.php);.

Dependencies

The library has the following external dependencies:

• PHP 7.2+.

How can it help?

Imagine an application which handle e-mails. E-mails, even with different values, have the same behavior. They have a pattern and must always be an e-mail. Across your application services, they are many entities with e-mails, such as: users, orders, companies and so on.

Without value objects you may need, in any entity which e-mails are available, checking the e-mail pattern. But, with a value object you may set this behavior and instead usign a primite type as string, you will use the EmailType object.

Any point of your application, it will know by all that EmailType handle an e-mail and always return a valid e-mail. Your business logic does not need to care about how to handle e-mails, because you EmailType object does.

How this library work?

Into the API enviroment, they are lot of data we can handle. But not just the pure data, but sometimes we must check if data is filled when required or if data meets the requirements of limit, length and so on.

This library standartize different values types as objects. And any value object may have one or more assertions to be a valid data as expected by your type. This make the process of validation fast and consisious, where you API must not care about how to handle data, because values objects do.

Any value object must extends AbstractValueType which consist of an immutable $value that once is set, will never change and must be the expected value type.

The AbstractValueType take care of object assertions, setting a default value or convert any child class to a string with __toString() method.

How do assertions work?

Assertions are runned by three methods:

• validate(), will always return a boolean indicating true when all assertions were pass, or false if any assertion has failed;
• caught(), have the same behavior of validate() method, but instead of returning false if any assertion has failed, it will return a string with the message that asserting produced;
• assert(), will always throw an InvalidValueTypeOfException if any assertion fail.

You can add assertions to a value type object by using the apply( $rule ) method. The $rule method, must be an object which implements Piggly\ValueTypes\Interfaces\Validatable or Respect\Validation\Validatable inteface.

By default, objects may implement assertions at constructor method.

The required behavior

The only assertion implemented to any AbstractValueType is the required behavior. When constructing a value type object you may set the $required argument as true. If this happen, then AbstractValueType will evaluate if $value is null and required to throw InvalidValueTypeOfException before any assertions, or when $value is null but not required will assert value stopping any other assertions.

Assertion caching

Since a value object is immutable, the assertion must run only once. So, after run the fisrt time they are cached, and even you call any assertion method it will always return the same result.

But, there is an exception. If you apply a new assertion to the value object, it will lose cache and run only once again.

Common Objects

Basically, the common objects take care about parsing. They will always parse any $value you set at constructor to expected data type. There are six common objects, they extends and replaces the primitive data types. See:

• ArrayType handle any $value parsing it to a valid array primitive type. It can handle even JSON strings and objects with any of following methods: toArray(), toJson() and jsonSerialize();
• BooleanType handle any $value parsing it to a valid boolean primitive type;
• FloatType and IntegerType handle any $value parsing it to a valid float and integer primitive types respectively;
• JsonType handle any $value which include parsing it to a valid JSON into a string primitive type. It can handle JSON strings and objects with any of following methods: toArray(), toJson() and jsonSerialize();
• StringObject handle any $value parsing it to a valid string primitive type. It will convery anything to a string, even objects which implements __toString() method or not.

The ArrayType and JsonType are the only value types that will throw an InvalidValueTypeOfException at constructor if they can't parse value to the expected type.

Advanced Objects

They are self explainer, different than Common Objects they handle more specific behaviors and patterns. See:

• CnhType, expecting a Brazilian driver's license;
• CnpjType, expecting a Brazilian National Registry of Legal Entities (CNPJ) number;
• CountryCodeType, expecting a country code in ISO 3166-1 standard;
• CpfType, expecting a Brazillian CPF number;
• CreditCardType, expecting a credit card number;
• CurrencyCodeType, expecting an ISO 4217 currency code like GBP or EUR;
• DateTimeType, expecting any date time value;
• DateType, expecting any date value;
• DigitsType, expecting a string with only digits;
• EmailType, expecting an e-mail;
• HexRgbColorType, expecting a hexadecimal to RGB color;
• IpType, expecting an IP;
• PasswordType, expecting a password. It has enhanced behavior, see below;
• PhoneType, expecting a phone number;
• PostalCodeType, expecting a postal code;
• SlugType, handle any string value to a slug;
• UnixTimestampType, expecting an integer as UNIX timestamp;
• UrlType, expecting an URL;
• UuidType, expecting an UUID;
• Uuidv1Type, expecting an UUIDv1;
• Uuidv3Type, expecting an UUIDv3;
• Uuidv4Type, expecting an UUIDv4;
• Uuidv5Type, expecting an UUIDv5;
• VersionType, expecting a version using Semantic Versioning;

Masking Behavior

Some Advanced Objects has the capability to mask its data: i.e. the [email protected] can be masked to e******@g****.com or e*@g*.com. Masked objects extends AbstractMaskedType and have two methods:

• isMasked() : bool, returning if value is masked;
• masked( bool $keepLength = true ) : bool, returning the masked value without mutate the original value. The keepLength as true will keep the value length as e******@g****.com, and as false will "compact" as e*@g*.com.

Mask a value will never mutate the value object. It means if you have new EmailType('[email protected]) and want to persist the masked value or make only the masked value available you must: new EmailType( $emailType->masked() );.

Password enhanced behavior

Encryptation

The PasswordType object has and enhanced behavior.

When constructing it, the constructor will evaluate if password is encrypted with password_hash() native function or not. When not, it will encrypt following the options set with PasswordType::hash() static method. By default, encryptation will use the \PASSWORD_BCRYPT algorithm with default options.

After hashing, you will never ever get back the raw password. But, you can always verify hash with the check( $raw ) method.

Strength

Otherside, still in constructor, it will evaluate the password strengthness with the PasswordStrengthLib objects and throw an InvalidValueTypeOfException if password does not meet the minimum strength required.

PasswordStrengthLib is an interface which implements:

• strength ( $raw ), return an integer between 0 and 100 indicating the password strength. Or false, if password does not meet requirements;
• getMessage (), may return a string saying why password strength has failed.

By default, there are three libs available in this library:

• PasswordBasicLib, which implements the zxcvbn algo;
• PasswordCrackLib, which uses the cracklib-checker command;
• PasswordPwScoreLib, which uses the pwscore command.

The PasswordBasicLib is applied by default to PasswordType object. Implementing all libs available increases the password strength checker accuracy.

Custom Objects

You can create anytime custom objects always extending the AbstractValueType and preparing its own assertions.

Samples

You can see very lightweight samples at /samples folder.

Changelog

See the CHANGELOG file for information about all code changes.

Testing the code

This library uses the PHPUnit. We carry out tests of all the main classes of this application.

You must always run tests with PHP 7.2 and greater.

Contributions

See the CONTRIBUTING file for information before submitting your contribution.

Credits

• Caique Araujo
• All contributors

Support the project

Piggly Studio is an agency located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. If you like this library and want to support this job, be free to donate any value to BTC wallet 3DNssbspq7dURaVQH6yBoYwW3PhsNs8dnK ❤.

License

MIT License (MIT). See LICENSE.