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mindplay/middleman

Dead simple PSR-15 / PSR-7 middleware dispatcher.

Provides (optional) integration with a variety of dependency injection containers compatible with PSR-11.

To upgrade between major releases, please see UPGRADING.md.

A growing catalog of PSR-15 middleware-components is available from github.com/middlewares.

Usage

The constructor expects an array of PSR-15 MiddlewareInterface instances:

The Dispatcher implements the PSR-15 RequestHandlerInterface. This package only provides the middleware stack - to run a PSR-15 handler, for example in your index.php file, you need a PSR-15 host or a similar facility.

Note that the middleware-stack in the Dispatcher is immutable - if you need a stack you can manipulate, array, ArrayObject, SplStack etc. are all fine choices.

Anonymous Functions as Middleware

You can implement simple middleware "in place" by using anonymous functions in a middleware-stack, using a PSR-7/17 implementation such as nyholm/psr7:

Dependency Injection via the Resolver Function

If you want to integrate with an IOC container you can use the ContainerResolver - a "resolver" is a callable which gets applied to every element in your middleware stack, with a signature like:

function (string $name) : MiddlewareInterface

The following example obtains middleware components on-the-fly from a DI container:

If you want the Dispatcher to integrate deeply with your framework of choice, you can implement this as a class implementing the magic __invoke() function (as ContainerResolver does) - or "in place", as an anonymous function with a matching signature.

If you want to understand precisely how this component works, the whole thing is just one class with a few lines of code - if you're going to base your next project on middleware, you can (and should) understand the whole mechanism.

Middleware?

Middleware is a powerful, yet simple control facility.

If you're new to the concept of middleware, the following section will provide a basic overview.

In a nutshell, a middleware component is a function (or MiddlewareInterface instance) that takes an incoming (PSR-7) RequestInterface object, and returns a ResponseInterface object.

It does this in one of three ways: by assuming, delegating, or sharing responsibility for the creation of a response object.

1. Assuming Responsibility

A middleware component assumes responsibility by creating and returning a response object, rather than delegating to the next middleware on the stack:

Middleware near the top of the stack has the power to completely bypass middleware further down the stack.

2. Delegating Responsibility

By calling $next, middleware near the top of the stack may choose to fully delegate the responsibility for the creation of a response to other middleware components further down the stack:

Note that exhausting the middleware stack will result in an exception - it's assumed that the last middleware component on the stack always produces a response of some sort, typically a "404 not found" error page.

3. Sharing Responsibility

Middleware near the top of the stack may choose to delegate responsibility for the creation of the response to middleware further down the stack, and then make additional changes to the returned response before returning it:

The middleware component at the top of the stack ultimately has the most control, as it may override any properties of the response object before returning.