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Elastica integration in Symfony2

Installation

Bundle and Dependencies

For Symfony 2.0.x projects, you must use a 1.x release of this bundle. Please check the bundle tags or the Packagist page for information on Symfony and Elastica compatibility.

Add FOSElasticaBundle to your application's composer.json file:

Install the bundle and its dependencies with the following command:

You may rely on Composer to fetch the appropriate version of Elastica. Lastly, enable the bundle in your application kernel:

Elasticsearch

Instructions for installing and deploying Elasticsearch may be found here.

Basic configuration

Declare a client

Elasticsearch client is comparable to a database connection. Most of the time, you will need only one.

#app/config/config.yml
fos_elastica:
    clients:
        default: { host: localhost, port: 9200 }

Declare an index

Elasticsearch index is comparable to Doctrine entity manager. Most of the time, you will need only one.

fos_elastica:
    clients:
        default: { host: localhost, port: 9200 }
    indexes:
        website:
            client: default

Here we created a "website" index, that uses our "default" client.

Our index is now available as a service: fos_elastica.index.website. It is an instance of Elastica_Index.

If you need to have different index name from the service name, for example, in order to have different indexes for different environments then you can use the key to change the index name. The service name will remain the same across the environments:

fos_elastica:
    clients:
        default: { host: localhost, port: 9200 }
    indexes:
        website:
            client: default
            index_name: website_qa

The service id will be fos_elastica.index.website but the underlying index name is website_qa.

Declare a type

Elasticsearch type is comparable to Doctrine entity repository.

fos_elastica:
    clients:
        default: { host: localhost, port: 9200 }
    indexes:
        website:
            client: default
            types:
                user:
                    mappings:
                        username: { boost: 5 }
                        firstName: { boost: 3 }
                        lastName: { boost: 3 }
                        aboutMe: ~

Our type is now available as a service: fos_elastica.index.website.user. It is an instance of Elastica_Type.

Declaring parent field

fos_elastica:
    clients:
        default: { host: localhost, port: 9200 }
    indexes:
        website:
            client: default
            types:
                comment:
                    mappings:
                        post: {_parent: { type: "post", identifier: "id" } }
                        date: { boost: 5 }
                        content: ~

Declaring nested or object

fos_elastica:
    clients:
        default: { host: localhost, port: 9200 }
    indexes:
        website:
            client: default
            types:
                post:
                    mappings:
                        date: { boost: 5 }
                        title: { boost: 3 }
                        content: ~
                        comments:
                            type: "nested"
                            properties:
                                date: { boost: 5 }
                                content: ~

Populate the types

php app/console fos:elastica:populate

This command deletes and creates the declared indexes and types. It applies the configured mappings to the types.

This command needs providers to insert new documents in the elasticsearch types. There are 2 ways to create providers. If your elasticsearch type matches a Doctrine repository or a Propel query, go for the persistence automatic provider. Or, for complete flexibility, go for manual provider.

Persistence automatic provider

If we want to index the entities from a Doctrine repository or a Propel query, some configuration will let ElasticaBundle do it for us.

fos_elastica:
    clients:
        default: { host: localhost, port: 9200 }
    indexes:
        website:
            client: default
            types:
                user:
                    mappings:
                        username: { boost: 5 }
                        firstName: { boost: 3 }
                        # more mappings...
                    persistence:
                        driver: orm # orm, mongodb, propel are available
                        model: Application\UserBundle\Entity\User
                        provider: ~

Three drivers are actually supported: orm, mongodb, and propel.

Use a custom Doctrine query builder

You can control which entities will be indexed by specifying a custom query builder method.

                    persistence:
                        driver: orm
                        model: Application\UserBundle\Entity\User
                        provider:
                            query_builder_method: createIsActiveQueryBuilder

Your repository must implement this method and return a Doctrine query builder.

Propel doesn't support this feature yet.

Change the batch size

By default, ElasticaBundle will index documents by packets of 100. You can change this value in the provider configuration.

                    persistence:
                        driver: orm
                        model: Application\UserBundle\Entity\User
                        provider:
                            batch_size: 100

Change the document identifier field

By default, ElasticaBundle will use the id field of your entities as the elasticsearch document identifier. You can change this value in the persistence configuration.

                    persistence:
                        driver: orm
                        model: Application\UserBundle\Entity\User
                        identifier: id

Manual provider

Create a service with the tag "fos_elastica.provider" and attributes for the index and type for which the service will provide.

    <service id="acme.search_provider.user" class="Acme\UserBundle\Search\UserProvider">
        <tag name="fos_elastica.provider" index="website" type="user" />
        <argument type="service" id="fos_elastica.index.website.user" />
    </service>

Its class must implement FOS\ElasticaBundle\Provider\ProviderInterface.

    <?php

    namespace Acme\UserBundle\Provider;

    use FOS\ElasticaBundle\Provider\ProviderInterface;
    use Elastica_Type;

    class UserProvider implements ProviderInterface
    {
        protected $userType;

        public function __construct(Elastica_Type $userType)
        {
            $this->userType = $userType;
        }

        /**
         * Insert the repository objects in the type index
         *
         * @param Closure $loggerClosure
         */
        public function populate(Closure $loggerClosure = null)
        {
            if ($loggerClosure) {
                $loggerClosure('Indexing users');
            }

            $document = new \Elastica_Document();
            $document->setData(array('username' => 'Bob'));
            $this->userType->addDocuments(array($document));
        }
    }

You will find a more complete implementation example in src/FOS/ElasticaBundle/Doctrine/AbstractProvider.php.

Search

You can just use the index and type Elastica objects, provided as services, to perform searches.

/** var Elastica_Type */
$userType = $this->container->get('fos_elastica.index.website.user');

/** var Elastica_ResultSet */
$resultSet = $userType->search('bob');

Doctrine/Propel finder

If your elasticsearch type is bound to a Doctrine entity repository or a Propel query, you can get your entities instead of Elastica results when you perform a search. Declare that you want a Doctrine/Propel finder in your configuration:

fos_elastica:
    clients:
        default: { host: localhost, port: 9200 }
    indexes:
        website:
            client: default
            types:
                user:
                    mappings:
                        # your mappings
                    persistence:
                        driver: orm
                        model: Application\UserBundle\Entity\User
                        provider: ~
                        finder: ~

You can now use the fos_elastica.finder.website.user service:

/** var FOS\ElasticaBundle\Finder\TransformedFinder */
$finder = $container->get('fos_elastica.finder.website.user');

/** var array of Acme\UserBundle\Entity\User */
$users = $finder->find('bob');

/** var array of Acme\UserBundle\Entity\User limited to 10 results */
$users = $finder->find('bob', 10);

You can even get paginated results!

Pagerfanta:

/** var Pagerfanta\Pagerfanta */
$userPaginator = $finder->findPaginated('bob');

Knp paginator:

$paginator = $this->get('knp_paginator');
$userPaginator = $paginator->paginate($finder->createPaginatorAdapter('bob'));

You can also get both the Elastica results and the entities together from the finder. You can then access the score, highlights etc. from the Elastica_Result whilst still also getting the entity.

/** var array of FOS\ElasticaBundle\HybridResult */
$hybridResults = $finder->findHybrid('bob');
foreach ($hybridResults as $hybridResult) {

    /** var  Acme\UserBundle\Entity\User */
    $user = $hybridResult->getTransformed();

    /** var  Elastica_Result */
    $result = $hybridResult->getResult();
}

Index wide finder

You can also define a finder that will work on the entire index. Adjust your index configuration as per below:

fos_elastica:
    indexes:
        website:
            client: default
            finder: ~

You can now use the index wide finder service fos_elastica.finder.website:

/** var FOS\ElasticaBundle\Finder\MappedFinder */
$finder = $container->get('fos_elastica.finder.website');

// Returns a mixed array of any objects mapped
$results = $finder->find('bob');

Repositories

As well as using the finder service for a particular Doctrine/Propel entity you can use a manager service for each driver and get a repository for an entity to search against. This allows you to use the same service rather than the particular finder. For example:

/** var FOS\ElasticaBundle\Manager\RepositoryManager */
$repositoryManager = $container->get('fos_elastica.manager.orm');

/** var FOS\ElasticaBundle\Repository */
$repository = $repositoryManager->getRepository('UserBundle:User');

/** var array of Acme\UserBundle\Entity\User */
$users = $repository->find('bob');

You can also specify the full name of the entity instead of the shortcut syntax:

/** var FOS\ElasticaBundle\Repository */
$repository = $repositoryManager->getRepository('Application\UserBundle\Entity\User');

The 2.0 branch doesn't support using UserBundle:User style syntax and you must use the full name of the entity. .

Default Manager

If you are only using one driver then its manager service is automatically aliased to fos_elastica.manager. So the above example could be simplified to:

/** var FOS\ElasticaBundle\Manager\RepositoryManager */
$repositoryManager = $container->get('fos_elastica.manager');

/** var FOS\ElasticaBundle\Repository */
$repository = $repositoryManager->getRepository('UserBundle:User');

/** var array of Acme\UserBundle\Entity\User */
$users = $repository->find('bob');

If you use multiple drivers then you can choose which one is aliased to fos_elastica.manager using the default_manager parameter:

fos_elastica:
    default_manager: mongodb #defauults to orm
    clients:
        default: { host: localhost, port: 9200 }
    #--

Custom Repositories

As well as the default repository you can create a custom repository for an entity and add methods for particular searches. These need to extend FOS\ElasticaBundle\Repository to have access to the finder:

To use the custom repository specify it in the mapping for the entity:

fos_elastica:
    clients:
        default: { host: localhost, port: 9200 }
    indexes:
        website:
            client: default
            types:
                user:
                    mappings:
                        # your mappings
                    persistence:
                        driver: orm
                        model: Application\UserBundle\Entity\User
                        provider: ~
                        finder: ~
                        repository: Acme\ElasticaBundle\SearchRepository\UserRepository

Then the custom queries will be available when using the repository returned from the manager:

/** var FOS\ElasticaBundle\Manager\RepositoryManager */
$repositoryManager = $container->get('fos_elastica.manager');

/** var FOS\ElasticaBundle\Repository */
$repository = $repositoryManager->getRepository('UserBundle:User');

/** var array of Acme\UserBundle\Entity\User */
$users = $repository->findWithCustomQuery('bob');

Alternatively you can specify the custom repository using an annotation in the entity:

Realtime, selective index update

If you use the Doctrine integration, you can let ElasticaBundle update the indexes automatically when an object is added, updated or removed. It uses Doctrine lifecycle events. Declare that you want to update the index in real time:

fos_elastica:
    clients:
        default: { host: localhost, port: 9200 }
    indexes:
        website:
            client: default
            types:
                user:
                    mappings:
                        # your mappings
                    persistence:
                        driver: orm
                        model: Application\UserBundle\Entity\User
                        listener: # by default, listens to "insert", "update" and "delete"

Now the index is automatically updated each time the state of the bound Doctrine repository changes. No need to repopulate the whole "user" index when a new User is created.

You can also choose to only listen for some of the events:

                    persistence:
                        listener:
                            insert: true
                            update: false
                            delete: true

Propel doesn't support this feature yet.

Checking an entity method for listener

If you use listeners to update your index, you may need to validate your entities before you index them (e.g. only index "public" entities). Typically, you'll want the listener to be consistent with the provider's query criteria. This may be achieved by using the is_indexable_callback config parameter:

                    persistence:
                        listener:
                            is_indexable_callback: "isPublic"

If is_indexable_callback is a string and the entity has a method with the specified name, the listener will only index entities for which the method returns true. Additionally, you may provide a service and method name pair:

                    persistence:
                        listener:
                            is_indexable_callback: [ "%custom_service_id%", "isIndexable" ]

In this case, the callback will be the isIndexable() method on the specified service and the object being considered for indexing will be passed as the only argument. This allows you to do more complex validation (e.g. ACL checks).

As you might expect, new entities will only be indexed if the callback returns true. Additionally, modified entities will be updated or removed from the index depending on whether the callback returns true or false, respectively. The delete listener disregards the callback.

Propel doesn't support this feature yet.

Ignoring missing index results

By default, FOSElasticaBundle will throw an exception if the results returned from Elasticsearch are different from the results it finds from the chosen persistence provider. This may pose problems for a large index where updates do not occur instantly or another process has removed the results from your persistence provider without updating Elasticsearch.

The error you're likely to see is something like: 'Cannot find corresponding Doctrine objects for all Elastica results.'

To solve this issue, each mapped object can be configured to ignore the missing results:

                    persistence:
                        elastica_to_model_transformer:
                            ignore_missing: true

Advanced elasticsearch configuration

Any setting can be specified when declaring a type. For example, to enable a custom analyzer, you could write:

fos_elastica:
    indexes:
        doc:
            settings:
                index:
                    analysis:
                        analyzer:
                            my_analyzer:
                                type: custom
                                tokenizer: lowercase
                                filter   : [my_ngram]
                        filter:
                            my_ngram:
                                type: "nGram"
                                min_gram: 3
                                max_gram: 5
            types:
                blog:
                    mappings:
                        title: { boost: 8, analyzer: my_analyzer }

Overriding the Client class to suppress exceptions

By default, exceptions from the Elastica client library will propagate through the bundle's Client class. For instance, if the elasticsearch server is offline, issuing a request will result in an Elastica_Exception_Client being thrown. Depending on your needs, it may be desirable to suppress these exceptions and allow searches to fail silently.

One way to achieve this is to override the fos_elastica.client.class service container parameter with a custom class. In the following example, we override the Client::request() method and return the equivalent of an empty search response if an exception occurred.

Example of Advanced Query

If you would like to perform more advanced queries, here is one example using the snowball stemming algorithm.

It searches for Article entities using title, tags, and categoryIds. Results must match at least one specified categoryIds, and should match the title or tags criteria. Additionally, we define a snowball analyzer to apply to queries against the title field.

Configuration:

Date format example

If you want to specify a date format: