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Example code of axy/codecs-base64vlq

Informations about the package codecs-base64vlq

axy\codecs\base64vlq

Codec for VLQ (variable-length quantity) Base64 algorithm (PHP).

Latest Stable Version Minimum PHP Version Tests Coverage Status

Documentation

VQL + Base64

Base64 allows us to represent a sequence of numbers in a text string that can be stored and transmit in text formats (JSON, XML, etc).

VLQ allows us to represent an integer in a sequence numbers with little digit capacity. For example 6 bit is the limit for Base64. The resulting numbers are called "VLQ digits". Small input number is represented by fewer VLQ-digits than big number. Thus VLQ is most effective if the input sequence is contains mainly the small numbers.

VLQ+Base64 allows us effectively represented a sequence of integers (dominated by a small number of) in the text format.

For example, it used in JavaScript/CSS source map.

The Algorithm

For example, we have a block of numbers: [12345, -12345, 0].

(1). VLQ only works with unsigned integers. Transfer the sign bit to the end of the integer.

12345 in binary is 11000000111001. Added 0 (positive) to the end: 110000001110010.

For -12345 take a positive form and add 1 (negative) to the end: 110000001110011.

Result is [110000001110010, 110000001110011, 0].

(2). Transform to the VLQ-sequence. For Base64 we need a block of 6-bit numbers. Most significant bit is reserved - it is "continuation".

Split numbers to groups of 5 bits: [11000 00011 10010, 11000 00011 10011, 00000]. Output starting from the least significant bits. If the group is not the last in the current number then set the continuation bit.

Result: [110010 100011 011000 110011 100011 011000 000000]. Or decimal [50, 35, 24, 51, 35, 24, 0]. These are VLQ digits.

(3). Replace the numbers on the letters of the Base64-alphabet. The standard alphabet is A..Za..z0..9+/.

Result is yjYzjYA.

How to use the library

Or default encoder can be obtained as follow:

In this case, the object creation and preliminary calculations are performed only once.

Custom options

The standard encoder uses standard options:

  1. Transfer the sign bit.
  2. 6-bit VLQ digits.
  3. Standard alphabet: A..Za..z0..9+/.

You can apply your settings:

Custom alphabet can be specified as a string (My Alphabet) or as an array ([1 => 'A', 10 => 'B', 15 => 'C', 20 => 'D']).

Exceptions

The error classes are located in the namespace axy\codecs\base64vlq\Encoder\Errors.

InvalidVLQSequence

z is 51 (the continuation bit = 1). The last digit must have 0 in continuation bit.

InvalidBase64

* are not in the standard Base64 alphabet.

InvalidBase64Input

For the standard encoder this exception should not occur.

Can occur for incorrect custom options:

10 bits is 1024 variants, but the alphabet contains only 3 letter.

All versions of codecs-base64vlq with dependencies

PHP Build Version
Package Version
Requires php Version >=8.1
axy/errors Version ~3.0.1
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